Monday, November 30, 2009

MINIATURE ISOLATED AC/DC POWER SUPPLY

This circuit uses a novel approach to produce a fully isolated and regulated 5 volts @30ma from the 120vac power line. It uses two tiny SCRs that alternately discharge two capacitors through a miniature high frequency transformer.


The voltage spikes produced through the transformer are rectified, filtered and regulated. A very common 8 ohm audio impedance matching transformer can be used for the transformer

LOW POWER 12,000 VOLT POWER SUPPLY

If you need about 12,000 volts DC for an ion generator this circuit might be the ticket. It draws power from the 120vac power line but it uses a small 6KV camera flash trigger coil.



The output signal is isolated from the power line. Although the circuit can only deliver about 5uA of current it can produce dangerous shocks, so be careful.
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CAPS PROVIDE VOLTAGE BOOST TO SERIES REGULATOR

This circuit adds some capacitors and diodes to a traditional transformer type series regulator circuit to extend the normal operating range. It can insure regulation during low line voltage conditions or it can squeeze a few more watts out of a plug-in-the-wall power adapter power supply.


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Simple regulated power supply with overcurrent trip

Here's a circuit for a relatively simple regulated power supply which has well controlled characteristics, including a clever over-current trip.
The 15v zener is fed via the 4K7 resistor from the input. With 0.6v across the base - emitter of the PNP transistor, this establishes a voltage of 14.4 across the 3K3, so there must be a current of nearly 4.4mA through the 3K3. This current is available to feed the emitter of the transistor - provided that the diode D1 doesn't pinch any of it. However with no load on the output, some of this current flows through the PNP to turn on the BFR39 and the 2N6254 which will conduct.
As there is no load, the only place the power transistor can get any current through D1 so it will pinch enough current so that what remains of the 4.4 mA is only just enough to keep it working.
Since there is 14.4v across the 3K3 and about 0.6v across the diode there will be 15v present across the output.
If the output is loaded the voltage drops by a fraction - this reduces the diode current, allowing more current to flow into the output pair to keep the output voltage up.
When the output pair is using all the available 4.4mA there will be no current through the diode so any extra load will cause the output voltage to drop.
If it drops by 1.2 volt (two diode drops) the second diode will start to conduct. This pinches current from the 15z v zener so its voltage reduces, reducing in turn the current through the 3K3 thus reducing the drive to the output so the output collapses - the supply has tripped off. However it is not quite off: even with the output shorted out a tiny current flows in the PNP so that the circuit will reset when the load is removed.
To alter the output voltage - chose a different zener voltage. This will alter the current available to the PNP so you will have to alter the 3K3.
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Power supplies with automatic switchoff

In principle it's easy to arrange an automatic switch-off system. The difficult bit is deciding exactly what condition should cause the system to switch itself off. So I suggest you think about that first - it's different for every system and not therefore something I can discuss here.

The second most difficult bit is deciding exactly what criterion you consider as being off. Most low voltage switches are likely to switch only the d.c. side of the supply so if it's mains operated, the transformer will still be on.

Then of course what's off will also depend on how you want to switch the system on. Off may have to be 'standby' where only part of the system is off, but some of it is still on, waiting for the correct on signal to arrive.

Probably the easiest way of doing automatic switch off is with relay logic. In the diagram, the box marked RL1 is the coil, the 2 in the coil box tells you there are two sets of contacts somewhere on the circuit, operated by this coil. In this simple circuit, it's easy to see them!


Relay logic



Sw1 is a momentary push switch. When it's pushed (contacts closed), voltage from In is applied to the coil so the relay operates. RL1/1 (the first set of contacts on RL1) closes and applies power to Out. RL1/2 closes at the same time and shorts out Sw1, maintaining power to the relay coil. So Sw1 is a push to switch on and the circuit is a relay bistable - bistable as it has two stable states, on and off.
Sw2 is a momentary push-to-break switch. Pushing it interrupts the current flowing through the coil of the relay, which promptly de-energises and the circuit switches off.


It's a very simple way of doing on off switching with two push-buttons and the contacts that open the relay current to switch it off can be expanded to any number of different contacts in series, opening any one of which will switch off the circuit.


One contact can be a relay operated by whatever system you use to define that it's time for automatic power off.
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